Metallic shingle



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. HENNING. METALLIC SHINGLE.

'No. 410,894. Patented Sept. 10, 1889.

Jill/11110 r- Thusses Jieluu Hen 22p jg 6mm ma mwhrumo m nur. Wzuhington. D4 (L (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J HENNING METALLIC SHINGLE.

Patented Sept. 10, 1889.

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS HEN NING, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

METALLIC SHINGLE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 410,894, dated September 10, 1889.

Application filed May 9, 1889- Serial No. 310,203. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JULIUS HENNING, of Minneapolis, in the county of I'Iennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metallic Shingles, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to metallic plates or sheets adapted to be interlocked with each other and be secured to and form a covering for roofs of buildings; and it consists, generally, in the construction and combination hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The great difficulty with devices of this class has been to form a roof-coverin g which should be watertight and yet be convenient of application. My improved shingle accomplishes this desired result, is exceedingly simple and easy of application, and can be used without waste. I

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is' a plan view of a roof partly covered with my improved shingles, showing the manner of application. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of a roof covered with my improved shingles. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section of the same; Fig. 4, a plan view of a single shingle. Fig. 5 is an end elevation, and Fig. 6 a side elevation, of the same. Fig. 7 is a bottom plan View of a modified form of shingle adapted to be cut and fitted at the meeting lines of roofs, either at valleys or hips. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the same, showing line of cutting; and Fig. 10 is a similar View after cutting, one part being turned over, as in use.

111 the drawings, 2 represents the board of the roof to which the shingles are nailed. 3 are the shingles, laid in courses, interlocked with each other, and nailed to the roof. These shingles are rectangular in form, having their surface vertically stamped with any desired figures or designs alike 011 both sides of the shingle, so that they will match whichever side up they may be laid. Along two adjacent edges a short distance from the edge is formed an inward-turned hem or lock l, the ends of the locks being cut away on an angle, so as to leave space between them at the corners, similar locks being turned along the other edges on the opposite side of the shingle. This hem or look maybe formed in any desired manner-such as by soldering a folded strip upon the face of the shingle; but I prefer to make a double fold in the body of the shingle itself, the ends of the fold or hem being then cut. to the desired angle. The edges of the shingles are turned up slightly, the concave surface being on the same side as the adjacent locks, and the shingle is provided at diagonally-opposite corners with the slits 5, extending from the edge of the shingle to the end of the lock which is opposite the other lock and parallel with the side edge of shingle. These slits allow the locks of the underlying shingles to slip through, so as to be engaged by the locks of the overlapping shingles of the next course, the joints being broken in the laying of the course.

The shingles may be laid on the roof as preferred, either from right to left or left to right. If laid from right to left, the shingles are laid with the side up, as shown in Fig. 4, with exposed locks on left-hand and top edges; if from left to right, they are turned the opposite side up, the exposed locks being on top edges and right-hand edge, as in Fig. 1.

Around the edges of the roof is preferably secured a stiff metallic strip 6, adapted to be engaged by the lock of the overlapping shingle and to form a firm support for it.

In laying shingles at the meeting line of roofs or right angles to each other, whether such line be in a valley or on a hip, it is necessary to cut the shingles diagonally, as shown by the dotted lines, Figs. 7'and 9, the cut edge of the shingle meeting said line. The shingle in the corresponding course on the adja cent roof is necessarily cut 011 the opposite angle to meet and fit against the other shingle. Consequently, if there is more hip than valley, or vice versa, on the roof of the building, there will be ordinarily considerable waste in cutting the shingles. To avoid this, I prefer to use in such places the modified form of shingle shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10. This is provided with three locks on the under side and only one on the upper, and the slits 5 are cut into the shingle at either end of and parallel to the single lock.

In laying up to the valley or hip the shingle is cut as represented by the dotted line in Fig. 9, the left-hand part of the shingle being shown as the one laid in course to a valley or hip on the right. The other part, then being turned over, is laid with the cut edges meeting that of the other part, thus furnishing exposed locks to be engaged with the overlapping course.

The shingles are secured to the roof by suitable nails driven through the edges adjacent to the exposed lips, the overlapping shingles covering the nails, so as to prevent leakage through the nail-holes.

The locked edges of the shingles when secured to the roof form tight j oinis, almost absolutely impervious to water, since, in addition to the double barrier of the engaged locks, the downcurved edge of the overlapping shingle presses upon the body of the shingle underneath and its upcurved edge presses against the under surface of the other shingle, as shown in the sectional Figs. 2 and 3, thus furnishing two or more barriers to the passage of water between the shingles.

The manner of using said shingles is as follows: The metallic strip 6 is first secured around the edge of the roof. Beginning then at one of the lower curves, either right or left, as preferred, a shingle is looked upon the strips 6, meeting at the corner, and nailed through its other edges to the roof. Another shingle is then looked onto the end of the first shingle and the strip, the end of the lock along the upper edge of the first shingle proj eeting through the slit in the end of the overlapping shingle. The shingles are thus laid course by course, the side of the shingle in the course being next the joint in the adjacent course, so as to break joints.

In the second and succeeding courses each shingle locks onto the end of the preceding one of the same course and the side of those in the course below. On reaching a valley or hip the shingle is out diagonally to fit it, as above described, the cut-off portion being utilized to fit a hip or valley. In case the amounts of valley and hip are unequal for the excess of either, the modified form of shingle is used, being cut in the same manner and the several portions turned and used to start the corresponding course beyond the hip or valley.

In this manner a tight and durable roof is secured, the edges projecting over the eaves and gables of the roof being strengthened and secured by means of the metallic strips, so as to give finish to the roof.

I claim as my invention- 1; A metallic shingle provided with inturned locks along adjacent edges on opposite sides, the edges being concave next the locks, and slits in the ends parallel with the sides of the shingle at the diagonally-opposite corners extending to the ends of the locks.

2. A reversible metallic shingle having the locks 4 arranged along its adjacent edges on one side and along the other edges on its opposite side, the slits 5 next to the outer ends of said locks, and having its edges bent C013),- cave adjacent to the locks.

I11 testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand this 18th day of April, 1889.

JULIUS I'IENNING.

In presence of 'l. D. MERWIN, A. M. GAsKILL. 

